Polarization/Angles
GSOLVER is a full vector implementation. The incident
illumination k - vector is determined by two polar angles
(theta and phi) and a wavelength. The polarization state is
determined by two angles, alpha and beta. The incident ray is
drawn for a positive theta, and negative phi.
The Cartesian coordinate system is indicated by [x,y,z] in the
figure. The polar angles are given by theta and phi. The default
grating period is along the +x-direction (the cross and
transverse dimension is along the +y-direction). Theta, for the
incident ray, is positive with respect to the -x axis. On
reflection theta is positive with respect to the +x axis.
A positive theta, for reflected orders, is a deviation from
+z towards +x (phi=0).
A negative theta, for transmitted orders, is a deviation
from -z towards +x (phi=0). This angle convention is used by
the angles dialog in calculating angles.
The EDITOR view uses a coordinate system which changes the
sign of the z and y axis.
The incident plane wave illumination is fully specified with
five parameters: wavelength, and four angles, theta, phi, alpha,
and beta.
Alpha and beta determine the state of polarization. The red line
in the figure is the principle E-field (E1) direction. For
phi=alpha=beta=0 it is the TE direction. The secondary E-field
(E2) (which is 90degrees out of phase with the principle E-field)
is shown in green. E1, E2, and k form an orthogonal system. E1/E2
are rotated about the k direction by alpha. The relative
magnitude of E2 with respect to E1 is determined by beta.
Tan(beta)=E2/E1.
The figures indicate the order naming convention used by GSOLVER.
In this figure, the incident ray (blue) has positive theta. The
specular reflected order (0R) has positive theta (equal to the
incident ray theta). The +1R order theta is more positive (unless
it is evanescent, then it is imaginary). The -1R order is more
negative than 0R. The 0T transmitted order theta is negative
(measured with respect to the -z axis, moving towards the +x
axis). The +1T order is more negative, and the -1T order is less
negative.